| Federal State | Median 2026 | Range | Trend vs. 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Berlin | 18 mo. | 12–24 mo. | slightly increased |
| Bavaria (Bayern) | 12 mo. | 8–18 mo. | stable |
| Baden-Württemberg | 11 mo. | 7–16 mo. | slightly increased |
| Hessen | 12 mo. | 8–16 mo. | stable |
| Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) | 11 mo. | 8–14 mo. | decreased (EfA portal helps) |
| Niedersachsen | 12 mo. | 8–16 mo. | stable |
| Hamburg | 11 mo. | 8–15 mo. | stable |
| Bremen | 13 mo. | 9–17 mo. | slightly increased |
| Sachsen | 10 mo. | 6–14 mo. | stable |
| Sachsen-Anhalt | 10 mo. | 6–14 mo. | decreased |
| Thüringen | 9 mo. | 6–13 mo. | decreased |
| Brandenburg | 11 mo. | 7–15 mo. | slightly increased |
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 10 mo. | 6–14 mo. | stable |
| Schleswig-Holstein | 11 mo. | 7–15 mo. | stable |
| Rheinland-Pfalz | 10 mo. | 7–14 mo. | stable |
| Saarland | 10 mo. | 7–13 mo. | stable |
Sources: Press releases from state interior ministries Q1 2026, civitas. internal measurements via authority catalog. Values represent median + range across all municipalities in each state; individual major cities may deviate from these ranges.
| City | Range | FIT-Connect / EfA |
|---|---|---|
| Berlin (LEA) | 12–24 mo. | no, online portal mandatory |
| Hamburg | 8–15 mo. | EfA portal available |
| Munich (KVR, München) | 10–18 mo. | partially digital |
| Cologne (Köln) | 10–18 mo. | EfA-NRW |
| Frankfurt | 10–16 mo. | partially digital |
| Stuttgart | 8–14 mo. | partially digital |
| Düsseldorf | 8–14 mo. | EfA-NRW |
| Dortmund | 8–14 mo. | EfA-NRW |
| Essen | 9–15 mo. | EfA-NRW |
| Duisburg | 6–12 mo. | EfA-NRW |
| Hannover | 9–15 mo. | partially digital |
| Bremen | 9–17 mo. | partially digital |
Application backlog since 2024. The StAG reform of June 27, 2024, reduced the residence requirement from 8 to 5 years and made dual citizenship the standard rule. Result: many applicants who had been waiting for years filed their naturalization applications simultaneously. Application volume rose approximately 80–150% nationwide in the first 12 months (Federal Ministry of Interior press release May 2025).
Security checks. Constitutional protection (Verfassungsschutz) clearance and BAMF cross-checks are standard steps. For applicants with extended periods abroad, foreign inquiries are added — these can take 2–6 months.
Staff shortages. Many authorities did not expand staff after the reform, or expanded insufficiently. Berlin LEA, for example, has centralized all Berlin applications at a single office since January 1, 2024 — staffing increases have lagged behind application volume.
Family applications with gaps. When one family member has incomplete documentation, the entire family waits. Common issues: missing apostilles, non-certified translations, imprecise residence documentation.
Administrative court precedent from 2025 defines a clear threshold:
- OVG NRW, decision of September 25, 2025 (Case No. 19 E 359/25): Processing exceeding 3 months without individual justification by the authority is unacceptable.
The governing framework is § 75 VwGO: where processing takes longer, the authority must be able to provide concrete details on the status of security checks.
For processing times exceeding 6 months without response, the § 75 VwGO inaction lawsuit (Untätigkeitsklage) is the established legal remedy. Details: Inaction Lawsuit.
Before resorting to a lawsuit, two preliminary steps are advisable:
- Status inquiry to the case officer: polite, with file number, asking about current status and expected completion date. Often the inquiry alone triggers processing.
- Attorney demand letter with a 4-week deadline for decision. This letter documents the inaction and serves as the basis for any subsequent lawsuit.
Ready-to-use templates for status inquiries and demand letters are included in the civitas. application tracker template library.
- Wait time display for your responsible authority
- 3-month reminder from application submission
- Authority letter translator (Turkish, Russian, Arabic, Ukrainian, English)
- Template library for status inquiries + inaction demand letters
- €9.90/mo · €99/yr — cancel anytime
Why does Berlin take so much longer than other major cities?
Berlin LEA has centralized all Berlin naturalization applications since January 1, 2024. Staff expansion has lagged behind application volume. In 2026, Berlin is the slowest major-city authority in nationwide comparison.
How can I speed up processing?
Three levers: (1) Complete documentation with initial application — avoids supplemental requests; (2) prompt response to document requests within the 30-day deadline; (3) status inquiry after 4–6 months without movement.
Does EfA-NRW really save 2–4 months?
In practice, yes. Online applications in NRW are forwarded digitally, automatically checked for completeness, and entered into the processing pipeline faster. Time savings vary by municipality.
What about security checks?
Security checks (Verfassungsschutz, BAMF cross-check) typically run parallel to file review. The authority may cite "ongoing security review" as a legitimate reason for delay — but must, within the framework of § 75 VwGO, provide concrete status details.
Will I get a refund if processing takes very long?
No, a damages lawsuit for excessive processing time is procedurally difficult. The established path is the § 75 VwGO inaction lawsuit for expedited decision, not for compensation.
If you have already submitted your application and are waiting for a decision, the civitas. application tracker lets you monitor the processing time of your responsible authority, plan deadline responses, and automatically translate authority letters. Track your application →
Related Articles:
Legal Notice: Processing times are empirical values from 2026 and not legal guarantees. civitas. is a private application assistance service, not an authority or law firm.
Quellen & Methodik anzeigen
- Press releases from state interior ministries Q1 2026
- OVG NRW, decision of September 25, 2025 (Case No. 19 E 359/25)
- civitas. authority catalog
As of: May 2026.