Naturalization as of right requires sufficient knowledge of German (§ 10 Abs. 1 Nr. 6 StAG). As a rule, language level B1 is required for this. This article explains in general terms which level is required and how it can be proven. Binding and current information is available from the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) and from your naturalization authority.
Which level is required
The benchmark is level B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). B1 stands for independent use of the language in speech and writing: you understand the main points of everyday situations and can express yourself coherently on familiar topics. A level higher than B1 is of course also sufficient.
How the level can be proven
Proof is usually provided by a recognized language certificate. As a rule, the following are recognized, among others:
- telc (for example telc Deutsch B1),
- Goethe-Institut (Goethe-Zertifikat B1),
- ÖSD (Austrian German Language Diploma),
- the German Test for Immigrants (DTZ), if it certifies level B1.
In addition to a standalone language certificate, other forms of proof may also be considered depending on the case, such as a German school-leaving qualification or German-language studies. Which forms of proof the authority accepts in an individual case is governed by the applicable provisions.
If no proof is available yet
Anyone who has not yet proven the level can attend a B1 language course — for example at an adult education center (Volkshochschule) — and then sit a recognized certificate. Integration courses, too, often conclude with a corresponding examination.
Possible exceptions
Not in every case is a B1 certificate required. The law and administrative practice recognize exceptions and easements, for example:
- special cases of hardship,
- cases under § 10 Abs. 6 StAG, for example on grounds of age or of illness or disability,
- easements for the older generation of former recruited workers (the "guest worker generation").
Whether such an exception applies is governed by the statutory provisions and the assessment in the individual case. Whether an exception applies in a specific case, or whether a particular certificate suffices, is decided solely by the competent naturalization authority.
Official source
Which certificates and forms of proof are recognized and which exceptions apply is governed by the official provisions. For binding and current information, use the information of the BAMF and of your competent naturalization authority.
No legal advice in individual cases: This article reflects the general legal situation and is not legal advice in an individual case. Whether the requirements named apply in your case is determined solely by the competent naturalization authority. For a non-binding initial assessment, use the eligibility check; for legal questions about your case, please contact a law firm.